The shoreline of the lake varies with the lakes waterlevel. Based on its unique biodiversity, environmental gradients, socioeconomic importance and. Lakeurmia climatechange landusechange anthropogenicchange vegetation waterresourcesmanagement. Irina bokova and 28 others lake urmia is drying up lake urmia, the largest lake in the middle east and one of the unique ecosystems of the world, is registered. Climate variability and anthropogenic effects on lake urmia water level fluctuations, northwestern iran sheida jalilia, sajad ahmad hamidi band reza namdar ghanbari atechnical and engineering department, azad university of urmia, urmia, iran. Climate variability and anthropogenic effects on lake urmia water level fluctuations, northwestern iran. The lake is located between the provinces of east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan in iran, and west of the southern portion of the caspian sea. Lake urmia persian, daryachehye orumieh, is irans largest lake with a surface area of approximately 5,200 km 2 2,000 mile 2. Analysis of decadal land cover changes and salinization in. Lake urmia, one of the worlds largest salt lakes, lies to the east of the city, and the mountainous turkish border area lies to the west. Urmia lake, the largest natural habitat of the brine shrimp artemia urmiana, has progressively desiccated over the last two decades, resulting in a loss of 80% of its surface area and. Figure 1 shows the folio 51v of almasalik wa almamalik which describes urmia lake and accordingly pointing out. Once a thriving tourist destination, many depended on the lake for their livelihoods, including daryanis grandparents who owned a motel by the coast.
However, in the early 1930s, it was called lake rezaiyeh after reza shah pahlavi. The urmia lake is located in the northwest of iran between the two iranian provinces of east and west azerbaijan. Sep 05, 2011 lake urmia, which is located in the west azerbaijan region of iran, is the third largest salt water lake in the world, the largest lake in the middle east and one of the environmental wonders of. Sediment source fingerprinting of the lake urmia sand dunes. Estimation of sodium adsorption ratio indicator using data. The lake was then named lake urmia, after the name given to the city. The urmia lake covers an area average of 5,100 square kilometers. Lake urmia is a salt lake in northwestern iran near its border. Currently, the lake is named after the provincial capital city of urmia. In this study, three data mining methods, namely, m5 model tree, support vector machine svm, and gaussian process gp, were employed to estimate the sodium adsorption ratio sar. Two lakes in the map, urmia lake the smaller lake, here named daryaye shahavatele and lake van here named daryaye arminiya are shown near each other for more information see galichian, 2007. International journal of marine biology and research article in press contains the reinventing research ideas into the articles belonging to the present time, and scheduled for publication in a future issue of.
The webinar covered the value of student organizations, recognition of student organization, conduct expectation and enforcement, managing risks and special issues related to specific student organizations. With an average original surface area of about 5,000 km 2 it is one of the largest hypersaline lakes on earth 1, 2, 3. Climate change or irrigated agriculture what drives the water level. Our 2014 article in diversity entitle biodiversity of the hypersaline urmia lake national park nw iran covered most of the reported species from this national park. Pdf letter to the editor estimation of sodium adsorption. It extends as much as 140 km from north to south and is as wide as 85 km east to west during high water periods 7. The effect of drying of urmia lake on community structure. Urmia lake, drought, threshold, environmental management, water withdrawals. Contrary to widespread opinions, urmia lake and its adjacent wetlands are the habitat of various organisms. The lake is divided into north and south parts separated by a causeway in which a 1500m gap provides little exchange of water between the two parts. Sediment source fingerprinting of the lake urmia sand. It was the largest inland body of salt water in the middle east and the largest permanent hypersaline lake in the world with an area varying from 5200 to 6000 km 2 in the twentieth century zarghami, 2011, hassanzadeh et al. Climate variability and anthropogenic effects on lake.
E is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world and the habitat of a unique bisexual artemia urmiana and some rare species. Drought and rapid increase in agricultural activities are the most important reasons behind the shrinkage of the lake. The new 19 priority ac ons were also approved within the lub management plan framework in mid 20 a ler introduc on of the new cabinet as urgent. At its full size, it once was the largest lake in the middle east, but because of a number of.
Its historical water surface area has ranged from 4,750 to 6,100 km 2 with the average and greatest recorded depths being 6 and 16 m, respectively azari takami, 1993. While lake urmia has shifted from green to red and back several times in recent years, trends suggest that a red urmia could become increasingly common. Lake urmia is a hypersaline lake situated in iran, close to the border with turkey. Climate change or irrigated agriculture what drives the. The desolate, apocalyptic landscape that is lake urmia, iran.
Hessd investigating uncertainty of climate change effect on. At the 2012 census, its population was 667,499, with 197,749 households. International journal of marine biology and research. Urmia lake located in the northwest of iran, is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. Lake urmia has turned red in the past and gone back to green during wetter seasons. The lake is located between the provinces of east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan in iran, and west of the. Over the past two decades the lake water level declined. Lake urmia is one of the largest hypersaline lakes on earth with a unique biodiversity. A spaceborne multisensor approach to monitor the desiccation. In this research, 4 proposed routes of water transfer schemes to urmia lake in iran, which is in danger of completely drying out, are evaluated. Lake urmia, the second largest hypersaline lake on earth, has recently experienced a dramatic waterlevel reduction. The effect of drying of urmia lake on community structure and. Explanation of urmia lake in this manuscript has surely evidenced that his purpose was brine shrimp artemia because of there is no other aquatic animal existing in this lake s ee asem et al.
Letter to the editor estimation of sodium adsorption. Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of urmia salt lake. Request pdf letter to the editor estimation of sodium adsorption ratio indicator using data mining methods. Lonp sited in northwest of iran is the largest domestic lake in the country with a total area exceeding 4636 sq. Updating historical record on brine shrimp artemia c. It is situated at an altitude of 1,330 metres 4,360 ft above sea level, and is located along the shahar chay river city river on the urmia plain. Starting in 1995, lake urmia experienced a strong decline in lake level. Due to the fact that the water surface of lakes is affected directly by the entering runoff, herein we study the effect of climate change on the runoff entering urmia lake. Lake urmia, one of the worlds largest salt lakes, lies to the. Jan 14, 2020 starting in 1995, lake urmia experienced a strong decline in lake level.
Urmia lake, in northwestern iran, is an important internationally recognized natural area designated as a. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf. The webinar covered the value of student organizations, recognition of student. Now, due to a combination of poor water management, illegal wells, water damming. Urmia was a cooperating association on this nacua webinar and has archived the webinar slides as a pdf file for you. In the course of screening halophilic bacteria in urmia lake in iran, which is being threatened by dryness, a novel gramnegative, moderately halophilic, heterotrophic and short rodshaped bacteria was. Pdf on jun 1, 2014, nikolai aladin and others published how to save urmia lake in iran. The impact of onedecade ecological disturbance on genetic. The eyes of the earth is an ongoing project by iranian photographer solmaz daryani, which documents the drying up and desiccation of lake urmia in northwest iran. Lake urmia, water level, trend, arima fulltext pdf. Urmia lake, located in northwestern iran, is an oligotrophic lake of thalassohaline origin with a total surface area between 4750 and 6100 km 2 and a maximum depth of 16 m at an altitude of 1250 m. E is a landlocked thalassohaline lake with oligotrophic characteristics located in northwest iran. Lake urmia is in the northwestern corner of iran and is one of the largest permanent hypersaline lakes in the world and the largest lake in the middle east 5, 6.
Pdf aralistic growth trends in totalitarian systems. At its full size, it once was the largest lake in the middle east, but because of a number of circumstances, it is continuously shrinking. Urmia was the name given to the city of urmia, which is near this lake. Due to the drying of urmia lake in recent years 1,2,4,6,7,16,25,26,27. Since 1967 lake urmia has enjoyed the status of a protected wetland. The bacterium was isolated from a water specimen and designated as tbz3 t. Lake urmias grim destiny reflects a wider trend of enviromental problems in iran, including an overreliance on dams, extreme weather patterns, climatic changes, poor irrigation. The results of our study show that the lake water level behavior changed after 1995 due to constructing many dams in urmia lake watershed. Update of biodiversity of the hypersaline urmia lake.
Open access publications 51688 freely accessible full text publications. Mud in lake urmia international journal of travel medicine and. Lake urmia simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Drought and intensive water diversion for agriculture has been limiting the amount of fresh water reaching the lake.
Over the last decade, as soon as the lake urmia started drying up, sand dune fields were appeared through the western shores of the lakes bed retreat, covering an area of 2000 ha and a. Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of urmia salt lake, iran. At its greatest extent, it was the largest lake in the middle east and the sixthlargest. This paper updates and extends previous checklist for foraminifers, archaebacteria and bacteria, microfungi, lichen, phytoplankton, nematodes, apicomplexa. Between 1995 and 20 the lake lost about 60% of area and even more than 90% of its volume 7,8,9,10. This decline is putting the survival of urmia lake at risk. Modeling spatial pattern of salinity using mike21 and. Explanation of urmia lake in this manuscript has surely evidenced that his purpose was brine shrimp artemia because of there is no other aquatic animal existing in this lake s.
Lake urmia is an endorheic lake located in northwest of iran fig. Based on its unique biodiversity, environmental gradients, socioeconomic importance and existence of indigenous communities, urmia lake has been registered as a protected area since 1967 and as a national park since 1975. Bardossy,editorinchief,withtheassistanceof rogermoussa,associateeditor keywords. Lake urmia, along with its once approximately 102 islands, are protected as a national park by the iranian department of environment. Pdf generation the coastline map for urmia lake by tm and. Jul 04, 2017 fao to help restore lake urmia mna food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao has voiced readiness to participate in urmia lake restoration program ulrp. In the early years of the 20th century, it was named rezaiyeh lake after the name of reza pahlavi, the king of iran. Letter to the editor estimation of sodium adsorption ratio indicator using data mining methods. Hessd investigating uncertainty of climate change effect.
Urmia lake is a vivid example of negligence in providing the. Pdf aralistic growth trends in totalitarian systems study. Urmia lake is the largest lake in iran and the second hyper saline in the world ahmadzadeh. Oxynoemacheilus elsae, a new species from the urmia lake. Lake orumiyeh national park lonp is one of these protected sites. The lake occupies a 5700 km2 depression in northwestern iran. Urmia lake, an endorheic salt lake in northwestern iran, was registered in the ramsar convention on wetlands as a wetland of international importance, also a unesco biosphere reserve. The lake and its islands are rich in wildlife including several varieties of birds and mammals such as flamingos and tigers. Letter to the editor estimation of sodium adsorption ratio. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs. It was the largest inland body of salt water in the middle east and the. The desolate, apocalyptic landscape that is lake urmia. Lake urmia, which is located in the west azerbaijan region of iran, is the third largest salt water lake in the world, the largest lake in the middle east and one of the environmental wonders of. The largest lake in iran, urmia lake, has been faced with a sharp decline in water surface in recent years.
Lake urmia, water level, trend, arima fulltext pdf 1085 kb 677 downloads. In the course of screening halophilic bacteria in urmia lake in iran, which is being threatened by dryness, a novel gramnegative, moderately halophilic, heterotrophic and short rodshaped bacteria was isolated and characterized. It is in the provinces of east azarbaijan and west azarbaijan, and is southwest of the close shaped caspian sea. Currently, the lake is named after the provincial capital city of urmia, originally an assyrian name meaning puddle of water. Fao to help restore lake urmia mna food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao has voiced readiness to participate in urmia lake restoration program ulrp. But, nasa also notes the possibility that, as irans drought increases, red could eventually be lake urmias. This could have been caused by climate change or other anthropogenic effects.
Urmia lake has been designated as an international park by the united nations. Urmia lake with the names of shahavatele and shahtele. This item appears in the following collections nijmegen school of management 11266. Irina bokova and 28 others lake urmia is drying up lake urmia, the largest lake in the middle east and one of the unique ecosystems of the world, is registered as biosphere reserve by unesco and listed as a wetland of international importance under the 1971 ramsar convention.
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